Clonidine
Kapvay
Alpha-2 Adrenergic AgonistGeneric available
Clonidine stimulates alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors in the brain. Clonidine is not a central nervous system stimulant. The mechanism of action of clonidine in ADHD is not known.
Compare Clonidine →FDA-Approved Indications
- ADHD — mono or adjunct to stimulants (children/adolescents 6–17 years; ER formulation)
Common Off-Label Uses
- PTSD nightmares
- Tic disorders
- Opioid withdrawal
- Menopausal flushing
- Anxiety
- Alcohol withdrawal
What Sets This Drug Apart
- Alpha-2 agonist (non-selective); FDA-approved extended-release (Kapvay) for ADHD in children 6-17 as monotherapy or adjunct to stimulants
- Potent sedation is dose-limiting but therapeutically useful: off-label for PTSD hyperarousal, opioid withdrawal, Tourette syndrome tics, and stimulant-induced insomnia
- Immediate-release formulation used primarily for blood pressure; extended-release for ADHD — different clinical contexts despite same molecule
- Rebound hypertension risk with abrupt discontinuation; must taper gradually over 3-7 days
- Reduces stimulant-induced insomnia and irritability when used as adjunct; can lower stimulant dose requirements