Drug Reference

96 psychiatric medications with dosing, pharmacokinetics, side-effect profiles, interactions, and clinical pearls.

96 drugs

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor6

CitalopramCelexa

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM7 pearls27 axes

Major depressive disorder in

EscitalopramLexapro

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM6 pearls24 axes

Major depressive disorder —Generalized anxiety disorder —

FluoxetineProzac

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM7 pearls29 axes

MDD — acute andOCD — acute andBulimia nervosa — acute+1

FluvoxamineLuvox

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM8 pearls29 axes

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (adults; pediatric

ParoxetinePaxil

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM9 pearls25 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)Obsessive-compulsive disorder (adults)Panic disorder, with or+1

SertralineZoloft

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM7 pearls34 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)Obsessive-compulsive disorder (adults; pediatricPanic disorder, with or+1

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor5

DesvenlafaxinePristiq

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM5 pearls28 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)

DuloxetineCymbalta

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM9 pearls28 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)Generalized anxiety disorder (adults;Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain+1

LevomilnacipranFetzima

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM5 pearls25 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)

MilnacipranSavella

Balanced SERT/NET inhibitor; FDA-approved ONLY for fibromyalgia, NOT depression

TDM7 pearls8 axes

Fibromyalgia in adults ONLY

VenlafaxineEffexor

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM8 pearls33 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)Generalized anxiety disorder (adults)Social anxiety disorder (adults)+1

Second-Generation Antipsychotic (Partial D2 Agonist)14

AripiprazoleAbilify

Atypical Antipsychotic

TDM13 pearls22 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13+)Irritability associated with autisticTourette's disorder (6–18 years)

AsenapineSaphris

Atypical antipsychotic with broad receptor antagonism — sublingual or transdermal delivery bypasses first-pass metabolism

TDM6 pearls11 axes

SchizophreniaAcute treatment of manicSchizophrenia (transdermal)

BrexpiprazoleRexulti

Atypical Antipsychotic

TDM9 pearls21 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13+)MDD — adjunct toAgitation associated with Alzheimer's

CariprazineVraylar

Atypical Antipsychotic

TDM10 pearls22 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13+)Acute manic or mixedBipolar I depression (adults)+1

ClozapineClozaril

Atypical Antipsychotic

TDM15 pearls28 axes

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (failure ofReducing risk of recurrent

IloperidoneFanapt

D2/5-HT2A antagonist with potent alpha-1 blockade

TDM9 pearls13 axes

Schizophrenia in adultsAcute bipolar I mania/mixed

LumateperoneCaplyta

5-HT2A antagonist / D2 partial agonist / SERT inhibitor

Schizophrenia in adultsBipolar depression (bipolar IMajor depressive disorder in

LurasidoneLatuda

Second-Generation Antipsychotic

TDM11 pearls21 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13–17Bipolar I depression —Bipolar I depression —

OlanzapineZyprexa

Atypical Antipsychotic

TDM10 pearls24 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13–17Acute manic or mixedBipolar I maintenance (adults)+1

PaliperidoneInvega

Second-Generation Antipsychotic

TDM11 pearls23 axes

Schizophrenia (adults)Schizoaffective disorder — mono

PimavanserinNuplazid

Selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist/antagonist — no dopamine receptor binding

8 pearls10 axes

Hallucinations and delusions associated

QuetiapineSeroquel

Second-Generation Antipsychotic

TDM12 pearls24 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13–17Acute mania in BipolarBipolar depression (adults)+1

RisperidoneRisperdal

Atypical Antipsychotic

TDM8 pearls23 axes

Schizophrenia (adults; adolescents 13–17Acute manic or mixedIrritability associated with autistic

ZiprasidoneGeodon

Second-Generation Antipsychotic

TDM11 pearls22 axes

Schizophrenia (adults)Acute mania/mixed episodes inBipolar I maintenance —+1

CNS Stimulant (Amphetamine-based)5

Amphetamine Mixed SaltsAdderall

CNS Stimulant (Amphetamine-based)

C-II6 pearls22 axes

ADHD (adults; pediatric 6+)Narcolepsy (adults; IR formulation)

DexmethylphenidateFocalin

CNS Stimulant (Methylphenidate-based)

C-IITDM9 pearls21 axes

ADHD (adults; pediatric 6+)

DextroamphetamineDexedrine

Central Nervous System Stimulant

C-II9 pearls25 axes

ADHD (adults; pediatric 6+)Narcolepsy (adults; pediatric 6+;

LisdexamfetamineVyvanse

CNS Stimulant (Prodrug Amphetamine)

C-II6 pearls24 axes

ADHD (adults; pediatric 6+)Moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder

MethylphenidateConcerta

Central Nervous System Stimulant

C-IITDM9 pearls22 axes

ADHD (adults; pediatric 6+)Narcolepsy (adults; IR/ER formulations)

Benzodiazepine5

AlprazolamXanax

Benzodiazepine [EPC]

C-IVTDM6 pearls16 axes

Acute treatment of generalizedTreatment of panic disorder

ChlordiazepoxideLibrium

C-IVTDM5 pearls14 axes

Emotional and somatic factorsAdjunctive therapy in pepticIrritable bowel syndrome

ClonazepamKlonopin

Benzodiazepine [EPC]

C-IVTDM8 pearls16 axes

panic disorder, with or

Benzodiazepine [EPC]

C-IVTDM8 pearls16 axes

anxiety disorders or for

LorazepamAtivan

Benzodiazepine [EPC]

C-IVTDM7 pearls14 axes

anxiety disorders or for

Tricyclic Antidepressant6

AmitriptylineElavil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

TDM9 pearls26 axes

ClomipramineAnafranil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

TDM10 pearls23 axes

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (adults; children/adolescents

DesipramineNorpramin

Tricyclic Antidepressant

TDM10 pearls25 axes

DoxepinSinequan

Tricyclic antidepressant with potent H1 antihistamine activity — used at full doses for depression and at ultra-low doses (Silenor) for insomnia

TDM6 pearls9 axes

Depression and/or anxietyInsomnia characterized by difficulty

ImipramineTofranil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

TDM8 pearls24 axes

Depression (adults)Childhood enuresis — temporary

NortriptylinePamelor

Tricyclic Antidepressant

TDM7 pearls23 axes

First-Generation Antipsychotic5

ChlorpromazineThorazine

First-Generation Antipsychotic

TDM7 pearls26 axes

Schizophrenia and management ofManic-type manic-depressive illness —Severe behavioral problems in+1

FluphenazineProlixin

First-Generation Antipsychotic

TDM8 pearls25 axes

Management of manifestations of

HaloperidolHaldol

Typical Antipsychotic

TDM6 pearls23 axes

Management of manifestations ofTics and vocal utterancesSevere behavior problems in+1

PerphenazineTrilafon

Phenothiazine Antipsychotic

TDM10 pearls25 axes

SchizophreniaSevere nausea and vomiting

Typical Antipsychotic

TDM7 pearls25 axes

Suppression of motor and

Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor1

BupropionWellbutrin

Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM8 pearls20 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)Seasonal affective disorder —

Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressant1

MirtazapineRemeron

Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressant

TDM7 pearls18 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)

Serotonin Antagonist / Reuptake Inhibitor2

NefazodoneSerzone

Serotonin antagonist + SERT inhibitor with alpha-adrenergic blocking

9 pearls12 axes

Major depressive disorder in

TrazodoneDesyrel

Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM5 pearls11 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)

Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer3

CarbamazepineTegretol

Mood Stabilizer / Anticonvulsant

TDM9 pearls25 axes

Partial seizures with complexGeneralized tonic-clonic seizures (adults;Mixed seizure patterns (adults;+1

LamotrigineLamictal

Anti-epileptic Agent

TDM11 pearls26 axes

Epilepsy — adjunctive (partial-onset,Epilepsy — conversion toBipolar I maintenance —

ValproateDepakote

Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer

TDM10 pearls19 axes

Acute manic or mixedComplex partial seizures —Simple and complex absence+1

Mood Stabilizer1

LithiumLithobid

Mood Stabilizer

TDM13 pearls25 axes

Bipolar I — acuteBipolar I — maintenance

Anticonvulsant / Mood Stabilizer2

OxcarbazepineTrileptal

Voltage-gated sodium channel blocker (keto-analogue of carbamazepine) with better tolerability and fewer drug interactions

TDM6 pearls9 axes

Partial-onset seizures — monotherapy

TopiramateTopamax

Anticonvulsant (multiple mechanisms: sodium channel blockade, GABA-A potentiation, glutamate antagonism, carbonic anhydrase inhibition)

TDM5 pearls27 axes

Epilepsy — initial monotherapyEpilepsy — adjunctive (partial-onset,Migraine prophylaxis (12+ years)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor3

PhenelzineNardil

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

8 pearls21 axes

Atypical/nonendogenous/neurotic depression with mixed

SelegilineEmsam

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAO-B selective at low doses)

10 pearls21 axes

Parkinson's disease — adjunct

TranylcypromineParnate

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

TDM7 pearls24 axes

Major depressive disorder —

Gabapentinoid (Calcium Channel Alpha-2-Delta Ligand)2

GabapentinNeurontin

Gabapentinoid (Calcium Channel Alpha-2-Delta Ligand)

TDM9 pearls20 axes

Postherpetic neuralgia (adults)Partial-onset seizures — adjunct

PregabalinLyrica

Gabapentinoid (Calcium Channel Alpha-2-Delta Ligand)

C-VTDM9 pearls18 axes

Diabetic peripheral neuropathic painPostherpetic neuralgia (adults)Partial-onset seizures — adjunct+1

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist2

ClonidineKapvay

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

7 pearls22 axes

ADHD — mono or

GuanfacineIntuniv

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

6 pearls20 axes

ADHD — mono or

Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic2

EszopicloneLunesta

Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic

C-IV8 pearls14 axes

Insomnia — sleep latency

Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic

C-IVTDM9 pearls13 axes

Insomnia — short-term, sleep-initiation

Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist2

LemborexantDayvigo

Orexin Receptor Antagonist

C-IV5 pearls3 axes

Insomnia — sleep-onset and/or

SuvorexantBelsomra

Orexin Receptor Antagonist

C-IV9 pearls5 axes

Insomnia — sleep-onset and/or

NMDA Receptor Antagonist2

EsketamineSpravato

NMDA Receptor Antagonist

C-III5 pearls11 axes

Treatment-resistant depression — monoMDD with acute suicidal

KetamineKetalar

NMDA Receptor Antagonist

C-III9 pearls9 axes

General anesthesia — soleAnesthesia induction (adjunct toAnesthesia supplement (adjunct to

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor1

AtomoxetineStrattera

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM7 pearls28 axes

ADHD (adults; pediatric 6+)

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Modulating Agent1

ViloxazineQelbree

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Modulating Agent

5 pearls14 axes

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adults; pediatric

Serotonin Partial Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor1

VilazodoneViibryd

Serotonin Partial Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor

TDM6 pearls22 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)

Serotonin Modulator and Stimulator1

VortioxetineTrintellix

Serotonin Modulator and Stimulator

TDM9 pearls21 axes

Major depressive disorder (adults)

Azapirone (5-HT1A Partial Agonist)1

BuspironeBuspar

Azapirone (5-HT1A Partial Agonist)

TDM7 pearls3 axes

Generalized anxiety disorder —

First-Generation Antihistamine1

HydroxyzineVistaril

First-Generation Antihistamine

Anxiety and tension (psychoneurosisPruritus — chronic urticaria,Sedation — premedication and

Anticholinergic1

BenztropineCogentin

Anticholinergic

an adjunct in the

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker1

PrazosinMinipress

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker

Hypertension (adults)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker1

PropranololInderal

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Hypertension (adults)Angina pectoris (adults)Migraine prophylaxis (adults)+1

Opioid Antagonist1

NaltrexoneReVia

Opioid Antagonist

TDM5 pearls9 axes

Alcohol dependence (adults)Opioid use disorder —

Opioid Agonist1

MethadoneDolophine

Full mu-opioid agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist used for opioid use disorder maintenance and chronic pain

C-IITDM7 pearls12 axes

Opioid use disorder: detoxificationManagement of pain severe

Partial Opioid Agonist1

BuprenorphineSubutex

Partial Opioid Agonist

C-IIITDM5 pearls10 axes

Opioid use disorder —

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor1

DisulfiramAntabuse

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

TDM7 pearls8 axes

Adjunct in chronic alcohol

NMDA/GABA Modulator1

AcamprosateCampral

NMDA/GABA Modulator

TDM7 pearls8 axes

Maintenance of alcohol abstinence

VMAT2 Inhibitor2

DeutetrabenazineAustedo

Deuterated form of tetrabenazine — VMAT2 inhibitor with improved pharmacokinetics allowing BID dosing for tardive dyskinesia and Huntington chorea

7 pearls11 axes

Tardive dyskinesiaChorea associated with Huntington

ValbenazineIngrezza

Selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor — reduces dopamine release into the synaptic cleft to treat tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia

Wakefulness-Promoting Agent1

ModafinilProvigil

Wakefulness-promoting agent with uncertain mechanism — likely involves dopamine transporter inhibition and orexin/histamine system activation

C-IVTDM6 pearls8 axes

Improve wakefulness in adultsImprove wakefulness in adultsImprove wakefulness in adults

Nicotinic Partial Agonist1

VareniclineChantix

Partial agonist at alpha4-beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors — reduces craving and withdrawal while blocking nicotine reward

TDM6 pearls7 axes

Aid to smoking cessation

First-Generation H1 Antagonist with Anticholinergic Properties1

DiphenhydramineBenadryl

H1 antagonist with strong anticholinergic and CNS-depressant properties

TDM7 pearls8 axes

Allergic reactions and anaphylaxisMotion sicknessParkinsonism and drug-induced parkinsonism+1

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic/Sedative (BZD)3

MidazolamVersed

GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulator

C-IVTDM7 pearls8 axes

Pre-operative sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia (IV, IM,Conscious sedation for diagnosticAcute agitation management (IM+1

GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulator

C-IVTDM6 pearls7 axes

Anxiety disorders or short-termAnxiety/tension with stress ofAnxiety associated with depression+1

TemazepamRestoril

GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulator

C-IVTDM7 pearls8 axes

Short-term treatment of insomnia

Opioid Receptor Antagonist1

Competitive opioid antagonist; reverses opioid overdose by blocking mu-opioid receptors

Emergency treatment of known

Melatonin Receptor Agonist1

RamelteonRozerem

MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor agonist

Insomnia characterized by difficulty

Synthetic Anticholinergic Agent1

TrihexyphenidylArtane

Direct parasympathomimetic inhibitor with relaxing effect on smooth muscle

All forms of parkinsonismExtrapyramidal disorders from CNSAdjuvant therapy with levodopa

Muscarinic M1/M4 Agonist + Peripheral Antagonist1

Xanomeline-TrospiumCobenfy

Xanomeline: CNS muscarinic M1/M4 agonist; Trospium: peripheral muscarinic antagonist

7 pearls11 axes

Schizophrenia in adults —

Pyrazolopyrimidine Z-Drug (Non-BZD)1

Selective GABA-A omega-1 receptor agonist

C-IVTDM7 pearls7 axes

Short-term treatment of insomnia